The science of hair growth - from the hair follicles to the scalp

Our hair is not only fascinating due to its aesthetic effect, but is also a marvel of nature. In this article, we delve into the complex processes that control hair growth - from the structure of hair follicles to the role of the scalp. We draw on sound scientific knowledge to provide a deeper understanding of healthy hair care.

The anatomy of the hair

Each hair consists of an outer cuticle (cuticle), the inner keratin-rich cortex and in some cases a central core, the medulla. The hair follicle, a specialized skin structure, surrounds the hair root and houses the cells responsible for hair growth.
The hair follicle has a remarkable ability to regenerate as it produces new hair cells in regular cycles. This process is the foundation on which our daily hair care is built.

The hair cycle - a fascinating process

The hair cycle is divided into three main phases:

 

Anagen (growth phase)

• Duration: Can last several years
  
  
• Process: Intensive cell division in the hair root leads to continuous hair growth.
  
  
• Significance: Establishes the length and density of the hair.

 

Catagen (transition phase)

• Duration: About 2-3 weeks
  
  
• Process: Cell division slows down and the follicle prepares for the transition to the resting phase.
  
  
• Significance: A necessary phase to separate the old hair follicle from the growth phase.

Telogen (resting phase)

• Duration: Around 3-4 months
  
  
• Process: The old hair rests before it finally falls out and makes room for new growth.
  
  
• Significance: Responsible for natural hair loss - a person loses between 50 and 100 hairs a day, which is completely normal.

These phases are dynamic and are influenced by numerous factors such as genetics, hormone levels and environmental conditions.

The role of the scalp

The scalp is much more than just the base for our hair - it is a living, complex organ system that is crucial for healthy hair growth.

 

Blood supply and nutrient supply

The hair follicles are supplied by a dense network of blood vessels that deliver essential nutrients and oxygen. Good blood circulation to the scalp is therefore one of the most important prerequisites for strong and healthy hair growth.

 

The microbiome of the scalp

Recent research shows that the balance of microorganisms on the scalp can have a direct impact on the health of hair follicles. A balanced microbiome protects against inflammation and promotes the regeneration of skin cells.

Factors influencing hair growth

Genetics and hormones

Genetic predispositions play a central role in hair growth and loss. Hormonal influences in particular, such as androgens (e.g. dihydrotestosterone), can lead to androgenetic alopecia, a common cause of hair loss in men.

 

Environmental influences and lifestyle

External factors such as UV radiation, pollution and even stress can affect the structure and integrity of the hair. Choosing the right care products and a conscious lifestyle can help to mitigate these negative effects.